Biomass
power market is anticipated to witness a significant growth owing to
technological advancements and increasing focus on research and development to
provide biomass for power generation. Increasing use of biomass such as plant
and manure materials to produce electricity and generate biomass fuels for
transportation is expected to contribute to the industry growth over the
forecast period.
By
feedstock, the market is segmented into urban residue, biogas, agriculture
& forest residues, energy crop, and woody biomass and landfill gas
feedstock. By technology, the biomass power generation is categorized into
landfill gas, co-firing, combustion, CHP, anaerobic digestion, and
gasification.
The
combustion segment dominates the industry regarding installed capacity and
power generation. However, the sector may witness decline due to the emergence
of advanced technologies such as co-firing and Combined Heat and Power (CHP).
These technologies are more feasible and used to minimize greenhouse emission.
Woody
biomass is anticipated to lead global market followed by agriculture and forest
residue owing to rapid growth of industrialization, emerging economies and the
increasing demand for energy. Every country has their ways of using waste wood.
In countries such Germany and the UK, waste wood is considered as renewable
energy as they are used in particular biomass plants and as fuel for municipal
waste incineration.
There are
four thermochemical biomass conversion technologies for energy purposes namely
gasification, liquefaction, pyrolysis and direct combustion. The selection is
decided by characteristics of the fuel, costs and performance of the equipment
available, energy and capacity needed and existed environmental legislations.
Presently, biomass is converted into electricity by direct combustion method.
Since
biomass fuels can contain elements that can harm engines such as chlorine
components, metals and fly ash particles only, external combustion method is
used. As it is harmful to the environment, flue gas treatment process is
necessary.
In
gasification process, biomass is converted into gaseous fuels, the major
components being hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The gas produced can be used for
generating electricity and also as synthesis gas in the chemical industries.
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Co-combustion
of biomass with lignite, peat and hard coal in traditional boilers represents
one combination of fossil and renewable energy utilization that leads to
benefits from both fuels. With fluidized bed fuel plants, a higher level of co-
firing can be achieved whereas with pulverized fuel plants biomass can replace
approximately up to ten percent of a boiler’s coal input with very fewer
equipment alterations.
The use of
agro-industrial residues as biomass feedstock must be matched to the power
plant type. While fluidized bed combustion systems have a relatively broad
particle size tolerance, pulverized fuel combustion systems require a narrower
range, which can be harder to obtain when using fibrous materials.
Improving
economic conditions is leading to industrialization across the world resulting
in high electricity consumption. High demand for electricity is expected to
drive the demand for biomass energy over the future. Moreover, availability of
carbon credits for renewable energy projects and the clean development
mechanism (CDM) program may contribute to industry growth.
Decreasing
oil reserves with uncertainty in crude oil prices is anticipated to strengthen
the industry. The shift in the trend towards usage of renewable energy sources
as an alternative to conventional resources is expected to increase the
production growth in coming years.
Government
initiatives and support regarding tariffs, tax incentives, loan guarantees and
competitive public bidding is supposed to drive the industry over the forecast
period.
The major
restraining factor affecting the industry is high installation cost. Companies
are involved in acquisition and mergers to sustain in the market and strengthen
their market presence.
The energy
industry is competing with other industries for biomass resources. These
industries are paper industry, forest industry, panel board makers and the pulp
industry. All these industries play a significant role in using and supplying
biomass.
The cost of
electricity from biomass-fired power plants majorly depends on capital costs
and feedstock. It can compete with usual power sources such as coal with the
availability of low-cost forestry waste, agriculture, and residues. Electricity
generation from coal is more expensive than biomass, which makes it more
efficient to produce off-grid power supply.
Biomass used
for power generation can provide a low-carbon and sustainable alternative to
fossil fuels while allowing local communities to use domestic biomass
resources. It makes productive utilization of wood manufacturing wastes, the
unused portion of urban waste and crop residues. Several government
institutions focus on increasing utilization for power generation as a part of
their energy efficiency strategy. Such initiatives aim to reorganize the
national energy economies and augment the share of renewable energy in the
overall power generation mix.
North
America and Europe is projected to foresee the substantial growth owing to the
increasing government support. Factors such as funding programs, investment
subsidies, incentives and tax benefits play a significant role in developing
the industry in countries such as Germany US and the UK.
Emerging
economies such as India and Indonesia have been proposing government
legislations to increase the investments in this sector. The natural features
and crops are grown in a given region profoundly influence the geographic
distribution of this industry.
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