Bipolar disorder is
also known as manic depression. It is a mental illness that brings severe high
and low moods and unusual shifts in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior.
People having bipolar disorder experience the feeling. On one hand, they are
overly happy and energized and on the other offhand, they end up feeling very
sad, hopeless, and sluggish. One can think of the highs and the lows as two
“poles” of mood, which is why it is termed as “bipolar” disorder.
There are three broad
types of Bipolar Disorder:
Bipolar I Disorder (mania or a mixed episode) – This is a classic
manic-depressive form of the illness characterized by at least one manic
episode or mixed episode. Usually but not always, bipolar disorder I also
involves at least one episode of depression; Bipolar II Disorder (hypomania and
depression) – The person suffering from bipolar II disorder does not experience
complete manic episodes. Instead it involves the episodes of hypomania and
severe depression; Cyclothymia (hypomania and mild depression) – This is a
milder form of bipolar disorder that consists of cyclical mood swings. However,
the symptoms are less severe than full-blown mania or depression.
America conquered the
bipolar disorder therapeutics market in 2014 with a remarkable share of around
65%; followed by the EMEA and the Asia Pacific region. Globally, bipolar
disorder market is segmented on the basis of drug class, mechanism of action,
and geography.
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On the basis of drug class the market is segmented into Mood stabilizers,
Anticonvulsants, Atypical antipsychotics, Antidepressant drugs, and
Anti-anxiety drugs. For reducing manic
symptoms in bipolar disorder, mood stabilizers are the drugs that are highly
suggested and used as these drugs help in soothing the symptoms observed in the
individuals and also help in treating the suicidal tendencies; i.e. they balance
certain brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) that control emotional states and
behavior (lithium, valproic acid, and carbamazepine). Anticonvulsants are used
to control or prevent seizures or stop an ongoing series of seizures such as to
treat epilepsy, prevent migraines, and the other brain disorders.
Anticonvulsants such as Depakote, Depakene, Lamictal, and Tegretol are the
medicines that differ in the types of bipolar symptoms that get treated. SSRIs,
SNRIs, TCAs, etc. are the antidepressant drugs used. Benzodiazepines are a
class of drugs often used to treat anxiety in patients with co-occurring
bipolar disorder. However, they may cause side-effects, including physical
dependence and tolerance.
On the basis of mechanism of action, bipolar disorder therapeutics market
is segmented as Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,
serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants,
monoamine oxidase inhibitors, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, and others. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
are recommended as the first-line of therapy for the treatment of depression in
bipolar disorder as these treatments are considered safe and effective.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors act on neurotransmitters that transmit
messages between brain cells. Tricyclic antidepressants help to relieve
depression when the other treatments have failed.
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