Avian influenza (AI),
can be commonly known as bird flu. It is an infectious viral disease of birds.
It is generally found in ducks and geese which live in open rivers. Avian
influenza virus can cause infection in poultry and livestock which may result
into an endemic. Avian influenza is an uncommon disease amongst humans but it
can happen due to close contact of humans with the infected species. A(H5N1)
and A(H7N9) are some of the common viruses which can infect human life
severely.
Avian flu viruses are
categorized into types based on their pathogenicity viz high pathogenicity
& low pathogenicity. There is a high probability of risk of transmission of
avian flu people working in poultry or visit virus infected countries, coming
in contact with the infected bird or consuming raw or under cooked meat and
eggs.
The A(H5N1) virus
subtype, is highly pathogenic. The virus was reported to be deadly two decades
ago and since that the virus has proliferated to Asia, Europe and Africa and
has impacted many countries massively, yielding tons of poultry infections,
several hundred human cases of severe illness ultimately resulting into death.
The A(H7N9) virus subtype, is much rare and is of a low pathogenicity and its
cases are reported only in East-Asia. Bird flu symptoms are dependent of type
of virus infection. Hence, with the onset of avian flu outbreaks in poultry
livelihoods, the economy and international trade is said to be affected in such
countries.
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Preliminary symptoms
of A(H5N1) virus include high fever, cough, diarrhea, headache, sore throat,
runny nose, muscle ache. Also, lower respiratory tract problems emerge early in
patients whereas A(H7N9) virus include shortness of breath, fever & cough.
The major driving forces that drive the market growth constitute as better
diagnosis arising out of awareness amongst infected patients owing to clinical
representation.
On the basis of drug
type, the global market for avian flu treatment is segmented as antivirals,
combination treatment, prophylactic antibiotics, steroids and other
immunosuppressants, immunoglobulin and ribavirin. Antivirals are further
segmented as neuraminidase inhibitors and ion channelM2 blockers. On the basis
of end-user, the global market for avian flu treatment is segmented into
hospital, institutional health centers and clinics.
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